Which of the following best describes SDG 11?

• A. Expanding industrial zones at the expense of housing.
• B. Making cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable.
• C. Making cities more isolated from surrounding regions.
• D. Improving only energy efficiency in rural areas.

Answer: (B)

SDG 11 is about Sustainable Cities and Communities, focusing on how cities and other human settlements develop in a way that serves people now and in the future. The best description captures the goal of making cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable, which means affordable housing and services, sustainable transport, and reducing risks from disasters and environmental impact. This broad, people-centered aim is what SDG 11 targets across its various targets, from housing and transport to resilience and green spaces.

The other descriptions miss the broader urban focus. Expanding industrial zones at the expense of housing contradicts the emphasis on inclusive and affordable urban living. Making cities more isolated from surrounding regions goes against the idea of integrated urban development and regional connectivity. Improving only energy efficiency in rural areas ignores the urban scope and the comprehensive set of targets that define SDG 11.